In order to transport digital information over the air, there needs to be a physical representation for the states 1 and 0 that can be imposed on a radio frequency.
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) is a digital modulation technique that uses a carrier frequency and represents symbols (i.e. bits 0 and 1) as frequency shift.
For digital transmissions, FSK (Frequency-shift keying) is typically used: a set of frequency deviations are used to define symbols. In its most basic form, just two frequency deviations exist, representing the bits 1 and 0.
While FSK transceivers are not fully compatible with ASK (as they cannot change the amplitude), they are still compatible with the simple OOK modulation since this only requires sending at full amplitude and not sending. GFSK transceivers are therefore compatible with most usage scenarios including communicating with simple OOK remote controls.
Related Modulations
Other more sophisticated encoding schemes exist.
LoRa, for example, is a digital long range transmission protocol based on FM that can travel long distances while using very low radio emissions. It is based on Chirp-Spread-Spectrum (CSS):
- Chirp: A chirp is a radio signal with a dynamically increasing or decreasing frequency, adding additional information content.
- Spread Spectrum: The narrow bandwith of the carrier signal is spread out to a much wider frequency spectrum. This makes it more resilient towards noise signals and almost impossible to tap and listening in by unwanted third party. This modulation method is also used in WiFi, Bluetooth, and ZigBee.
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(content created Apr 15, 2024)